Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 12

fountain study - Essay ExampleShe spent two months in a coma, then her diagnosis was majestic to a vegetative state. Though the doctors spent years trying to help Terri to become aware, it was to no avail. She was physically a inhabit, but her brain was giving up. She had succumbed to being little more than a body only managing to live due to the machines and technology offered by the hospital.It was in 1998 that Terris husband, Michael, petitioned to make up the feeding pipe removed from Terri, which would manage her to die. Terris parents, Robert and Mary Schindler, argued against this decision, claiming that Terri was still alive. In 2001, the court determined that Terri would not want to wish to hatch these measures that kept her alive and ordered to have her feeding tube removed. Even though it was replaced several geezerhood later, after a lengthy court process that went as far as Federal legislation, the tube was permanently removed in 2005.One side of the argument was that watchless of her condition, Terri Schiavo was still alive. This side prosperous keeping the feeding tube in unless Terris condition deteriorated. The other side argued over the piety of keeping her in a state that caused her to be unaware and unresponsive. Each side felt that they would be acting morally, and that the opposing side of the argument were being very immoral in their actions.In regard to whether or not the actions to remove Terri from her feeding tube were moral or immoral, all that needs to be considered is that Terri Schiavo had been unable to make the decision for herself whether or not she wanted to continue to live. Therefore, the court had no make up to determine that she would not have wanted to continue the use of the feeding tube. While they may have made a valid point, there was no way of knowing for sure what was truly in the best interest of Terri. As such, as long as something was

Five greatest U.S. presidents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Five great(p)est U.S. presidents - Essay utilizationSuch a benchmark should enable star to determine varying degrees of greatness based on the consummation to which each President under consideration meets or exceeds it.For purposes of this study, which purports to rank the five greatest Presidents in the history of the United States, greatness is defined as having had a direct impact on reach the course of the States toward what it is today. In other words, the greatest Presidents are those without whom America would non have mother the country it has become. These leaders each fundamentally altered the course of evolution of America, for better or worse, and thereby have heavily influenced present-day American life by way of their leadership.This being a top-five refer out of forty-three possible choices, it need not imply that those who did not make the list were not great Presidents. Rather, the following five American Presidents were arguably the most influential in shap ing America of all of the greatest and most influential leaders in American history, of which there were surely more than five. They are, in order of greatness Franklin Roosevelt, George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Harry Truman, and Bill Clinton.Franklin Delano Roosevelt was arguably the greatest American President in history. ... me and abroad, much less did so as effectively and with such positive results and while suffering from the make of a ravaging disease (Coggan, 2003). Roosevelt led the nation with such a firmness of purpose and overconfident assurance that he was able to rally and inspire Americans to sacrifice in the name of a greater good for as long as it would take to achieve victory.The Great Depression was Roosevelts first great test. Never before had the nation known such economic despair, nor lost confidence to such an extent in Americas capitalist underpinnings. For the first time, the unfettered marketplace rolled over to reveal its vulnerable underbelly, and it was alarming to see how exposed it was. By the time Roosevelt entered the Oval Office, America was in the midst of a full-blown crisis that threatened its very fabric. Roosevelt reassured the nation through his Fireside Chats in a way that no previous President had ever before communicated with the country. He quickly went to work to craft and implement polity that reestablished confidence in Americas stock market, banking system and other capitalist institutions. He established public whole kit programs that reemployed hundreds of thousands of laid off workers. Further, he Americanized the concept of social welfare with programs such as Social protective covering that peacefully coexisted with a free market system.Roosevelt also led America into World War II, delivering one of the most inspirational rallying speeches in American history in the wake of the Japanese bomb of Pearl Harbor. His leadership was largely responsible for the Allied victory, and catapulted America t oward its Post War Superpower office that it still retains to this day. Roosevelt essentially led the world in its greatest struggle against evil and

Short Essay Response Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Short Response - Essay ExampleSustainability, however, is hard to attain in urban areas, where cities with luxuriously population density equate to large production of wastes and rapid consumption of natural resources. One of the more or less pressing problems facing urban planners today is how to create sustainable urban communities and to bring existing non-sustainable communities to the fashion of sustainability. Some of the potential avenues toward solving the issue of sustainability are creating a new city that is similar to a town in walkability and closed-loop metabolism, but a global one, because of the use of technology and modern networks in attaining its sustainability goals appreciation the unique strengths and constraints of every urban community for urban planning/redesign and incorporating ecological concepts and principles in how urban communities are perceived, which require collaboration across all main stakeholders, including the government, the business commun ity, citizens, and other related professionals.The historic roots of these problems on sustainability are the vast industrialization across the world during the past centuries and the free-market philosophy of all-encompassing economics and capitalism that disregard sustainability principles. Industrialization, since the eighteenth century up to now (as it goes in more in developing countries), has resulted to widespread exploitation of natural resources and workers alike (WCED 354). As the Brundtland report summarizes Thus todays environmental challenges arise both from the lack of development and from the unintended consequences of some forms of economic growth (WCED 354). In urban design, it means converting agricultural areas to manufacturing/commercial/residential/entertainment sites and creating high-rise cities where population is more press and where resources are swiftly consumed.

The War of 1812 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The War of 1812 - Essay ExampleAt the same time, these military campaigns are considered to have had estimable influence on the development trajectories of both Russia and regular army whereas Russia had proved to be the ruler of destinies in Europe, USA began expansion westwards.The set of causes and preconditions that had triggered the outbreak of war in the midst of United States and its former metropolis, British Empire, is rather rich. These were in the first place maritime and commercial reasons related to the Napoleonic War in Europe (Tucker). Americans treated Britain with contempt, while the British disapproved their former fellow citizens for betraying the king and didnt take the new state seriously. The period preceding the state of war was marked by the military campaign between France and British Empire, and USA keeping neutrality got between two fires. America had commercial relations with many countries including the two warring parties at that time and American m erchants got into trouble finding themselves between the Napoleonic Continental System and the British Orders in Council that did their best to preclude the trade with the enemies (i.e. they tried to damage trade systems of each other) (Tucker). British Empire blocked French ports and demanded an supererogatory fee from the American merchants to enter them (Americas Library). The escalation of the conflict was triggered by the search of American commercial ships and impress of the sailors by the British Navy (McNamara). In 1807, British hostility went as far as to struggle the naval frigate Chesapeake in the coastal waters of Virginia with the intention to capture deserters three sailors were killed and eighteen were wounded in this attack (Heidler). This incident triggered the outburst of cries for vengeance in the United States, and the majority demanded to declare the war to British Empire.

Nutrition Case Study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nutrition Case mull - Assignment ExampleFrom the table in a higher place, it can be concluded that carbohydrates intake by HB is above nutritional requirements and she needs to reduce the amount of intakes. In addition, the amount of protein intake is just enough to earn nutritional needs while the amount of fats intakes is also higher than the nutritional needs and should be reduced.c. condescension the engage of foodstuffs that result into attainment of high value nutrients, there are certain foods that are not provided thus it will not be easy to obtain certain nutrients. The main nutrient that is lacking from the food combination is corn floor that is rich in calcium. Thus it will not be possible to obtain calcium from the food combination.b. The most important facts that need to be known active this drug is that the user needs to keep the blood peag from getting too low, that are plausibly to result into a condition called hypoglycemia. In addition, people need to be aw are of symptoms of blood sugar such as increased thirst, loss of appetite, increased urination and vomiting or nausea.c. This medication is interpreted in the exact way in which it was prescribed. It is mainly used as an injection under the skin. The specifications for use are usually given by the doctor or pharmacist with regards to where injection should be done.d. on that point are certain actions that are taken in case of under-dose or overdose. In order to nullify a missed dose, it is important to ensure that the user eats the right amounts of meals within 30 to 60 minutes of the dose.In case the user overdoses, it is necessary to ensure the user seeks the right medical tutelage since too much of this drug can cause life-threatening hypoglycemia. The symptoms of this condition include weaknesses, blurred vision, diaphoresis and convulsions.f. This drug does not have any direct impacts on nutrients in that are consumed by the user.

Formal Analysis Essay for Art History Class Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Formal Analysis for Art History Class - Essay role model(55.4 x 37.78 cm) (Plate) 25 3/4 x 18 5/8 inches. (65.41 x 47.31 cm) (sheet, irregular) (Artnet intercontinental Corporation, 2013). As a result, the house film is clear and visible to the naked eye where the audience enjoys its artistic perfection. some notable is the color engraving, soft-ground etching, and scorper that define the texture, boundary, and coloration of the painting. Andre Racz who was an artist and professor of painting and sculpture made the painting in North America, United States in 1945 (Artnet Worldwide Corporation, 2013) (20th Century) with an adoption of the North America culture although he was born in Romania. Notably, there is a pencil inscription depicting the sign and date of signing on the painting, Perseus Be brainpowering medusa (ARCADJA, 2013). The painting received credit from the Credit?Gift of funds from the fall guy and Drawing Council with an accession Number?P.99.12.1. The painting , Perseus Beheading medusoid depicts the image of Perseus tailorting the head off the medusa. Medusa also refers to the guardian protectress (Wallace, 2003). More so, the media terms Medusa as a Gorgon or a addict who was conversely a very beautiful maiden (Wallace, 2003). Nevertheless, Medusa desecrated the goddess Athenas temple by dormancy there with Poseidon prompting Poseidon to deform her into a monster with live snakes covering her head (Wallace, 2003). As such, the media refers to the Medusa as a monster with a face of a hideous human female with alimentation venomous snakes on her head. Although, Medusa had three beautiful sisters, Medusa was the only moral one and her smasher mesmerized Poseidon. On the contrary, Medusa did not care about Poseidon and hence he turned her and her sisters into monsters (Wallace, 2003). Because of the perspective of being a monster, any somebody looking directly at the Medusa would immediately turn into stone (Wallace, 2003). In the sa me kingdom, Perseus was the son of Danae who later fell in honey with Polydectes (Wallace, 2003). Subject to the love affair between Perseus mother and Polydectes, Polydectes hatched a plot to kill Perseus by sending him to fetch the head of Medusa the monster (Wallace, 2003). However, the gods loved Perseus and helped him to succeed in cutting Medusas head. Indeed, they gave Perseus fly sandals, a curved sword, a helmet that made Perseus invisible, and a mirror like shield which allowed him to see a reflection of Medusas face and to avoid being turned into stone (Wallace, 2003). With these materials, Perseus was able to cut the head of Medusa and hence the painting according to the media. In addition, the media asserts that later on, the hero Perseus used the head of Medusa as a weapon before handing over the head to the goddess of Athena (Wallace, 2003). The painting, Perseus Beheading Medusa is a bronze sculpture and has been one of the most famous statues in modern art. At the measure of producing this painting, Hayter and other artists were working at Atelier 17 where they were actively experimenting in color printing techniques. The painting has a dull look and depicts the sketchy image of a person holding a head. The person is also holding a sword on the right hand. The painting has artists proof, signed, dated, titled, and inscribed A/A in pencil at the lower margin (ARCADJA, 2013). It has a very good, dark impression, a untoughened plate tone, and inky edges (ARCADJA, 2013). The black lines

The Treasury Profile For Marks & Spencer PLC Essay

The exchequer Profile For Marks & Spencer PLC - Essay ExampleThe strategies and policies for administering these risks are being deliberated in this research essay.M& S is offering high grade quality clothing, foreign food and top grade home products. It has in any case expanded its operations in many inappropriate nations and is now operate in 43 foreign locations other than UK. M& S offers a wide range of high grade quality clothing, exotic food and top grade home products, which includes categories like kitchen accessories, house accessories, novelty gifts, decorations, various brands TVs, wo manpowers accessories and clothing, mens underwear accessories and clothing, office supplies, lingerie, mens shoes, etc. Marks & Spencer Group is having a centralized Group treasury department to administer the funding requirements of the group and to bang the financial risk in tune with its approved Boards treasury procedures and policies and operate within their delegated powers.M&S is having a record of twenty one million satisfied customers in UK alone. It has achieved only a marginal extend in sales of 0.44% in the family 2009 as compared to 2008 due to impact of global economic recession. M& S is constantly paying its attention to customers by frequent surveys and research analysis, by monitoring sales and direct feedback from its customers service team.M& S is one of the leading retail stove stores in UK and also operates in many other countries. It has record sales of M 9062.10 in the year 2009. Given its scale and size of the company, it is under heavy pressure to finance its both working cap needs and also in the long-term debt needs. To facilitate its funding needs, M&S group is operating a centralised Group treasury department to administer the funding needs of the group and to manage and control the financial risks in line with its Board of Directors acknowledged treasury policies and with facilitate of their delegated authorities.Treasury

Peppercorn Dining Entering and Contracting Assignment

pepper Dining Entering and Contracting - Assignment Examplepull affirmed his objective, which was to augment productivity, as s sanitary as to remediate self-esteem amongst the employees (Cumming & Worley, 2009). Additionally, Erica had earlier worked at Peppercorn eating dinner, so she by now have affiliations with the workers, know the organization language, as substantially as have a number of insights concerning cause of several of its predicaments. For that reason, the Square one consultants saved a lot of while in making out the organizations mores, informal applications, as fountainhead as power sources. However, the consultants for a short time elucidated their services, along with the manner in which they would primarily arrest with an initial surveillance of operations, collecting some data prior to giving management feedback. The official detection process needed the consultants to suggest a pur convey, expenditure estimate, along with a project schedule. The contra ct envelop the partners payment and the periods and dates the partners would be toiling on the project, however, failed to point out how they would gather the data, evaluate the data, anticipated timeline of reason out the project, as well as how the feedback would be communicated to management, along with the human resources. Data Collection Value of the study collected, is an important element of the organization development process. The main methods of crowd data utilized within Peppercorn eating dinner were chiefly interviews, along with observations. Interview is the mainly widely utilized technique for gathering data in organization development. It allows the consultant to inquire from the employees by asking direct queries, to gain in-person views and sentiment concerning the Peppercorn, and looking at any new-fangled issues that come out during the meeting. Interviews are constructive for untangling motley topics since the interviewer has the aptitude to probe profoundl y into a reaction presented by an individual being interviewed. Interviews also refund a higher answer rate (Pasmore, Woodman & Shani, 2010). However, the main disadvantage of interview dialogues is the quantity of time needed to conduct, as well as analyze them. In addition, the Interviewer might be prejudiced and pose closed ended questions. This will make it hard when collecting the data as it will non be extensive and expounded as required by interviews. The observation method was utilized because it offers direct even up to use the societal phenomena under deliberation. It has the capacity to take assorted forms, from unofficial, as well as shapeless approaches via tightly controlled, standardized courses of action and can give way to associated various kinds of data, in cooperation qualitative, as well as quantitative. Observation can efficiently complement supplementary approaches in this case interviews and thus improve the evidence quality presented to the examiner. Dat a Analysis After the data has been self-contained, it will be scrutinized, edited, coded, as well as evaluated. This will be attained by linking the data that will be gathered to the military rank objectives. Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel software will be employed to sort the data gathered from observation, as well as interview in order to make out patterns, along with instituting relationships. Data gathered from the interview and observation will initially be illustrated within a table to make certain(p) that rates of recurrence of the answers, along with data from observation has the capacity to be accounted for (Rothwell et al., 2009). Afterward, the Microsoft Excel s

Explain the basic principles of MR image production Essay

Explain the basic principles of MR image production - Essay ExampleThe frequencies absorbed in mag realiseic resonance ar in the megahertz (million cycles per second) and gigahertz (billion cycles per second) ranges. The absorption frequencies for any particular substance atomic tour 18 directly proportional to the strength of the magnetic theater. This characteristic is unique to magnetic resonance.There are deuce distinct subcategories of magnetic resonance. One of these, for which the absorbing particles are electrons, is cognise by either of two similar names electron spin resonance (ESR) or electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The other category, in which the absorbing particles are atomic nuclei, is called nuclear magnetic resonance ( nuclear magnetic resonance).2The resonances are actually the absorptions of particular frequencies and are found in EPR and NMR arises from some of the most fundamental properties of matter. A general theory of EPR and NMR must be derived from quantum mechanics, but a classical analogy provides some insight. In the familiar model, either atom has a massive nucleus containing N positively shaked protons and a number of uncharged neutrons. Outside the nucleus are N negatively charged electrons in various orbits or distributions. The number N, called atomic number, identifies the atom in the periodic table. 3Every electron and proton possesses, in addition to charge and mass, an indestructible amount of angular momentum or spin, the property that keeps a gyroscope spinning later the driving force is removed. Because moving charge always has magnetic effects, the combination of charge and spin makes either electron and proton a spinning permanent magnet, the strength or magnetic moment being several(prenominal) hundred times greater for electrons. A spinning electron can be compared to the spinning rove of a toy gyroscope. When the gyroscopes spin axis of rotation is off vertical, and the bottom end of the axis res ts loosely on a support, the unexpected happens. Instead of falling farther from the vertical under the force of the wheels weight, the spin axis rotates steadily around the vertical at a fixed angle from it, a motion known as precession. In EPR the electron is spinning and a microscopic magnet. The externally applied magnetic field supplies the extra force, and the electrons spin axis precesses. Resonant absorption occurs when the source frequency is synchronous with the precession frequency. A similar explanation applies to NMR. 4Magnetic Resonance Image ProductionFigure 1 illustrates the a simplified block diagram of generic MR imaging mechanism demonstrating the elements essential for the recognition and creation of MR signals and the materialisation of MR images. These components are as follows1) The RF mechanism (a) for the production of the magnitude of the RF magnetic field with the help oneself of a curl for transmitting mode, amplifier and a transmitter, b) for the dete ction of the free induction decay (FID), which is the result of the net magnetization to an RF pulse this is done by the help of a signal demodulator, a coil for

QWE Case Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

QWE Case - Assignment ExampleA program should be developed to incline of the products without them affecting animals due to the plants that absorb them and are fodder for animals.The analyse used the strategy of putting by questions to the respective samples and analyzing the answers to draw conclusions on the various PPCPs (Boxal, 2012). The use of critical questions was crucial in getting main points, and the study came up with a list of the final questions. The criteria for choosing the questions involved the focus on relative risk, antibiotic drug resistance, effects characterization among many others. The key question strategy was used to determine the potential catastrophic effects of PPCPs on the environment and humans especially their detection and they are spread throughout the environment.The get down used was the key question approach. The criteria of coming up with the twenty questions were crucial and used prioritization among other factors. Since the PPCPs cast off extensive use throughout the world, the questions would not be hard to formulate. The questions on the PPCPs took into consideration various areas in the environment and effects of the chemicals contained in them to the environment and the animals. The questions were of either low rank or high status. The high-rank questions for the study were twenty in total. Almost everyone has knowledge on the PPCPs. The spread of the PPCPS is quite significant since most of the PPCPS elements are present in sewage, ground and surface water. The questions were ranked according to the various stressors on the environment, humans, and animals. All questions were necessary, and the go past ranked questions drew a lot from the other lower ranked issues. The questions covered detection, effects and impression of PPCPs in the environment.Stanford et al., (2010) notes that the focus on pharmaceuticals and hormones does not have the needed

VoIP Call Analysis Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

VoIP Call abridgment - Research Proposal ExampleMost often than not, users are faced with basic problems, which include get in touch problems leading to packet losses, mouth-to-ear delays, and jitter of VoIP. These problems generally undermine the quality of service involved in the use of VoIP. It is against this scope that the present research proposal has become necessary in coming with receiver endpoint hinderances base on the use of empirically trusted system like the Empirix Hammer Call Analyzer in throttleing the problems. The proposed research is backed with an overall order of analyzing VoIP calls to come out with receiver endpoint interventions that will curtail basic problems that affect the quality of service in the use of VoIP. This is indeed a generalized aim that will be achieved upon achieving a number of specific objectives. These specific objectives could be listed as follows 1.To identify sources of view factors that hinder quality of service in the use of VoIP. 2. To scrutinize how issues of poor quality of service in the use of VoIP discourage the use of VoIP. 3. To outline various interventions that can be used in declaration issues of poor quality of service in the use of VoIP. 4. To subject the specific call testing software system tool, Hammer into scrutiny in finding how it can be used to swiftly locate, test, and diagnose issues in complex IP environments. The proposed research shall specifically follow the qualitative research design. This means that data shall be collected qualitatively by relying on secondary data. Secondary data collection has often been recommended for good researches of this nature as they present the researcher with the opportunity to gaining assess to data from reliable and empirical sources in a specific field of study (Goldman, Cahill, and Filho, 2009)). To this end, the researcher shall employ the use of subjective case study to critically study a prevailing situation on quality of service associ ated with VoIP. What this means is that a couple of existing researches that have tackled quality of service in VoIP usage shall be sampled and focused on. often attention shall however be given to the case of Empirix Hammer Call Analyzer as an intervention in solving most of the identified problems. As part of the case study, the researcher shall also followup literature extensively because the review of related literature would in the long run act as the researchers data collection procedure. As part of the approach in conducting the research and for that consider data

FACEBOOK AND ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS Research Proposal

FACEBOOK AND sen clippingntalist RELATIONSHIPS - Research Proposal ExampleIt is true in some cases that volume with certain personalities such as jealousy may be prone to using Facebook and at the same time his frequency of be jealousy remains high. It is easily assumed that the use of Facebook has created peculiar and unnatural facets in amorous relationships which contributes to spare incurings of jealousy and intuition in relationships. The impacts of these results are extremely important and relevant to pay attention to primarily because it is a modern challenge and it has not been remedied. A good number of people who took part in the survey confirmed that their relationships improved after they had stopped using Facebook. Quitting Facebook may not be an election that many people are interested in but, still there is a need to align a solution. Further and wider research is needed to come up with workable solutions that peck remedy the problem. This can excessively p rovides us with effective ways on how to understand and cope with the elements of jealousy and mistrust that Facebook has introduced in romantic relationships. ... However due to its influence its popularity grew and the amount of people using it increased enormously and lastly had its way to other universities and the public. Gaining interest in Facebook means having interest in those who are in your online affable environment and geniuss, this means that if you are dating you will also have some significant others in your romantic life. In another twist Facebook has several features that reveal relationship status of a person. It has options such as In a relationship, Single, In an open relationship and married. Facebook also provides users with options to upload pictures using computers, cameras and mobile phones these gives users a chance to display pictures showing them having a good time with their boyfriends or girlfriends. In another sense these shows that Facebook support s romantic relationship and allows it to thrive online. The big question is what happens if people being to misuse this opportunity and start perusing selfish interests? In this survey the ruining of offline romantic relationships linked to operation of Facebook is examined to establish how and why the problem occurs. Literature review The initial investigations and research near the relationship between Facebook and romantic relationship was carried out by Reis and Sprecher. They carried out their study on unnamed Facebook users, the majority of the sample people that they used consisted of people who were already in relationships. They used interviewing questions related to feelings of mistrust and jealousy as a product of using Facebook. Some of the questions asked included how would a partner feel if his boyfriend or girlfriend has added an unknown member of an opposite sex as a friend? In this study the

Murder and Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Murder and Media - Essay ExampleTheyre going to show you what sells, and not necessarily what tells.The 19 seconds of baton-weilding recorded on tape said it all, as far as the general populace was concerned. whole the images got etched in the public mind, not the facts surrounding the incident. The incident was branded as another sheath of wanton violence on the part of LAPD, and more than that there was clearly a racial gene to it.But this is so absurd. Maybe the police beating was justifiable. Maybe there was no intimacy of racial incline or hatred involved the situation and the police would have done exactly the same thing even if Rodney powerfulness were a white man. Nobody bothered to cast any doubt on the media version of the event, nor bothered to look at it from an impartial frame of mind, that is, until the Washington Post journalist Lou shank came up a remarkable account of the whole incident in his Official Negligence How Rodney King and the Riots Changed Los Angele s and the LAPD, though only the better part of a decade after the incident.In the book, Lou Cannon lucids presents his fiber that the four Los Angeles Police Department officers prosecuted in 1992 for beating Rodney King were merely scapegoats for the deadly riots that took place in the Los Angeles city soon after the police officers received their not-guilty verdicts.

A Manager's Ethical Dilemma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A Managers Ethical Dilemma - Essay ExampleThe rampant competition from these sell chains led to a whopping drop in revenue for the group, which resulted in a twoscore part drop in revenues for the total group, whereas the retail and merchandising arm clocked around sixty percent fall in revenues (Swanton, 2005). This led to a lot of desperate steps by the Management, which included dandy costs at all points and also laying off employees. They also hinged on a project to increase the advantage at all levels. This would include cutting down on the redundancy at all the levels of management. These were the major problems that were faced by the management. There were a lot of work outs that were responsible for the unethical share on the part of the mechanics as well as the customer service officials. There was an bulky pressure on them to fulfill the targets as well as increase the amount of revenue pull in by each centre. The retail industry was taking a major hit and that ef fected the baseline of the company, The revenue loss from that particular division had to be compensated by earning extra revenue from some other divisions there was large scale of cost cutting going on in the various sectors and the employees were world asked to leave. so, when a compensation policy that had the lure of incentive was set in, it resulted in the ensuing unethical doings on the part of the employees (Gardiner, 2005). The back set aside mechanics were given steep targets and so were the front end customer representatives, who would monitor the situation. In addition to the extreme amount of work and target pressure, another factor that contributed to this kind of deportment was the tendency of the mechanics to go overboard and recommend more amount of repairs than usual. The other problem would be the timing at which the particular vehicle would come. If it came during the part of the week that encountered slow sales, the mechanics and the front end people would oversell and try to maximize the output, which would ultimately create all the issues. This is a classic case of spillover effect, in which due to the fall in profitability of one arm, the other arm gets affected(Hursthouse,2001). Te other factor that can also be explained here is the cannibalization effect, where the loss from one arm would eat away into the profit from another arm. The ethical approach used here was consequential. The reasons for this are manifold and are very clear. initial of all, no proper study was done on the reasons as to why the fall in the retail segment was really happening despite the introduction of the non sears products. Secondly, the incentive plan was introduced without taking into the view the foothold realities that existed. A situational analysis was necessary for the proper results and the outcomes to happen. They should have looked at the ground realities and introduced the changes. Te current airwave was also not analyzed. The company was n ot doing well, the profits had plunged. It was all but natural for the people to go back to unfair tactics so as to boost the bottom-line. The employees were seeing other people around them organism sacked and that would have increased the level of indulgence in the unfair urges to boost the profits and strive targets by using unfair means. They only took the corrective steps after seeing the outcomes. Neither the handicraft aspects, nor the ethical aspects were studied

MGT 511 slp 3 Work-Life Issues WALMART Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MGT 511 slp 3 Work-Life Issues WALMART - Essay ExampleWalMarts Work Life policies The fraternitys website provides a wide and detailed explanation of the companys focus and commitment on making work as fictile as possible for the employees (WalMart Diversity, 2011). yet in the true sense, it has been noted that there grow been a offspring of issues that have been brought out in terms of the company and the excessive work that the company puts on the employees. Employee complains have clearly been on the fact that the company forces employees to work overtime and to a fault the pay provided by WalMart is also quite low. This leads to a number of issues for the employees. There are a number of pros and cons for this approach of work spirit policy that the company uses. Firstly, the pros are that it proves to be beneficial for the company and helps the company increase the revenues of the company (Armstrong, 2006). However in the long run this can prove to be destructive for the c ompany as it bequeath only lead to higher employee attrition and this can prove to be very expensive for the company. The chief(prenominal) cons for this method is that it leaves the employees dissatisfied and also leads to work life imbalance for the employees. Based on the company website, it seems that the company plays a lot of attention to social responsibility and ethical work environment. However based on employees views, this seem to be the absolute opposite.

Effect of Ph on Food Preservatives Essay Example for Free

Effect of Ph on Food Preservatives EssaySodium Benzoate is a green food preservative utilise in food crossings such as jams and jellies, soft drinks, pickles, condiments etc and in plate products in the market. This examine aimed to determine whether benzoic sharp is social classed from its superior soluble form sodium benzoate in stomach red-hot, which is simulated by HCl (pH=2). It has been seen that at a low optimum pH, i.e. in the presence of qualified hydrochloric acid, sufficient benzoic acid is yielded. The percentage yield is determined from the deliberatenesss of the theoretical (stoichiometric) calculations and the real yield from the reception. Also throughout the experiment, some basic laboratory trading operations such as measurement mass and volume, separating solids from liquids by vacuum filtration and drying solids are familiarized with.Introduction The reaction of sodium benzoate and hydrochloric acid is a typical phenomenon of hydrolysis reaction which conforms to the principles of acid-base chemistry and stoichiometry. In a typical hydrolysis reaction, when a flavour dissolves in water, the salt dissociates to its constituent anions and cations (benzoate and sodium ions respectively). Also, when strong acids like hydrochloric acid dissolves in water, chloride ions and hydronium ions are formed.Hence in the reaction involving sodium benzoate and hydrochloric acid solution, in the presence of high concentration of hydronium ions, protons will be transferred from the strong acid H3O+ to the basic benzoate ion. This will yield benzoic acid, C6H5COOH which precipitates from the solution as it has a re onlyy poor solvability (0.34g/100ml). The fundamental reaction is sketched out below As can be seen from the difference in the pKa values, H3O+ is a much stronger acid than benzoic acid. So, the equilibrium of the reaction strongly favours its completion and hence hydrochloric acid which ideally simulates the acidic conditions of the stomach, does convert benzoate to benzoic acid.Safety Throughout the lab safety goggles, protective gloves and aprons were worn tour carrying out the experiments. While transferring the HCl to the reaction vial in the student hood, the head must never be inside the glass hood as vapour inhalation can cause choking jeopardy and irritations. Also the hosepipes were carefully plugged in and out of the filter flask to avoid breakage or tipping of the Hirsh funnel.Experimental For this experiment and basic operations, calibrated Pasteur pipettes, a 5ml conical reaction vial, watch glass, stirring rod, electronic balance, small rivulet tube, Hirsh funnel, filter flask and filter paper are used. The procedure for this experiment appears on page 7 of the lab manual, Multiscale Organic Chemistry (4th custom UB edition)3.As the primary objective of this experiment was to find out whether sodium benzoate reacts with simulated stomach acid to form benzoic acid, the results clearly fenc e that a successful reaction close to completion, if not fully complete, has discovern place. The percentage yield calculation reveals that approximately 90% of benzoic acid as white precipitate were recovered from the reaction.There were a number of factors which might have contributed to the 10% deficiency in the final yield. It needs to be mentioned though that a percentage yield of less than 100% is achieved because the drying of the solid mass after vacuum filtration was sufficient to give a practical number. During measurements of mass of benzoate and benzoic acid when its formed, there were obvious serviceman errors involved. Some benzoates were lost while transferring to the conical reaction vial from the watch glasses, and further loss of the product benzoic acid might have taken place when the solution mixture was tipped on the Hirsh funnel.We couldnt determine if the reaction was complete or not, so we might not have had all the salt converted 4. The solution might not have sufficiently and gradually cooled though both effort was made for that, hence there could be lack of benzoic acid crystals forming. The litmus test might have contributed to a significant loss of the precipitate, but only one instead of sevenfold tests were performed to see if the reaction mixture was acidic enough. Given the carefully controlled experiments and the 90% yield, it can be deemed that the methods used to perform the experiments are full proof and performed as immaculately as possible.Conclusion The fact that a new substance is formed indeed when sodium benzoate is placed into a simulated stomach acid has been demonstrated successfully with the aid of the experiments and aforementioned results. A 90% yield suggests that all the basic operations were carried out as neatly and carefully as possible and measures taken to minimize obvious errors which could take place while performing the experiments. All in all, the experiment provided a practical evidence of the p ossible action behind the hydrolysis of sodium benzoate and percentage yield of its product.

French Revolution Essay Example for Free

cut Revolution EssayThe French Revolution was a rattling important serial of events for any of French history, making a big impact on all the lives of past and give birth French citizens. There was no mavin factor was directly responsible for(p) for the French Revolution. Years of feudal rigour and taxing, public revenues and public debt mismanagement contributed to a French ordering that was on the edge of revolt. The French Revolution, the basal movement that shook France betwixt 1787 and 1799, reached its first climax in that respect in 1789. After winning carte du jour of the falling economy in the late 1700s, King Louis XVI, very(prenominal) self-centered, persuasion his authority to line up came from immortal himself. He brought in a number of financial consultants to retrospect the diminished French treasury. for each one advisor reached the same conclusion, that France use uped a large change in the mien it taxed the public, and each advisor was , in turn, kicked out. Eventually the king realized that this taxation issue rightfully did need to be single-minded so he appointed a vernal controller ecumenical of pay.The new general of finance suggested quite of taxing the poor, tax the ones that would be able to pay, the noblesse, the ones that were exempt from gainful taxes before. The nobility refused. Financial persecute indeed seemed imminent. The French Revolution was a very important series of events for all of French history, making a big impact on all the lives of past and present French citizens. There was no one factor was directly responsible for the French Revolution. Years of feudal cruelty and taxing, public revenues and public debt mismanagement contributed to a French society that was on the edge of revolt. The French Revolution, the revolutionary movement that shook France between 1787 and 1799, reached its first climax there in 1789. After taking notice of the falling economy in the late 1700s, Kin g Louis XVI, very self-centered, thought his authority to rule came from god himself. He brought in a number of financial advisors to review the weakened French treasury.Each advisor reached the same conclusion, that France needed a large change in the way it taxed the public, and each advisor was, in turn, kicked out. Eventually the king realized that this taxation issue really did need to be solved so he appointed a new controller general of finance. The new general of finance suggested instead of taxing the poor, tax the ones that would be able to pay, the nobility, the ones that were exempt from paying taxes before. The nobility refused. Financial ruin thus seemed imminent.The French Revolution was a very important series of events for all of French history, making a big impact on all the lives of past and present French citizens. There was no one factor was directly responsible for the French Revolution. Years of feudal cruelty and taxing, public revenues and public debt misman agement contributed to a French society that was on the edge of revolt. The French Revolution, the revolutionary movement that shook France between 1787 and 1799, reached its first climax there in 1789. After taking notice of the falling economy in the late 1700s, King Louis XVI, very self-centered, thought his authority to rule came from god himself. He brought in a number of financial advisors to review the weakened French treasury. Each advisor reached the same conclusion, that France needed a large change in the way it taxed the public, and each advisor was, in turn, kicked out.Eventually the king realized that this taxation issue really did need to be solved so he appointed a new controller general of finance. The new general of finance suggested instead of taxing the poor, tax the ones that would be able to pay, the nobility, the ones that were exempt from paying taxes before. The nobility refused. Financial ruin thus seemed imminent. The French Revolution was a very important series of events for all of French history, making a big impact on all the lives of past and present French citizens. There was no one factor was directly responsible for the French Revolution. Years of feudal cruelty and taxing, public revenues and public debt mismanagement contributed to a French society that was on the edge of revolt. The French Revolution, the revolutionary movement that shook France between 1787 and 1799, reached its first climax there in 1789.After taking notice of the falling economy in the late 1700s, King Louis XVI, very self-centered, thought his authority to rule came from god himself. He brought in a number of financial advisors to review the weakened French treasury. Each advisor reached the same conclusion, that France needed a large change in the way it taxed the public, and each advisor was, in turn, kicked out. Eventually the king realized that this taxation issue really did need to be solved so he appointed a new controller general of finance. The new general of finance suggested instead of taxing the poor, tax the ones that would be able to pay, the nobility, the ones that were exempt from paying taxes before. The nobility refused. Financial ruin thusseemed imminent.The French Revolution was a very important series of events for all of French history, making a big impact on all the lives of past and present French citizens. There was no one factor was directly responsible for the French Revolution. Years of feudal cruelty and taxing, public revenues and public debt mismanagement contributed to a French society that was on the edge of revolt. The French Revolution, the revolutionary movement that shook France between 1787 and 1799, reached its first climax there in 1789. After taking notice of the falling economy in the late 1700s, King Louis XVI, very self-centered, thought his authority to rule came from god himself. He brought in a number of financial advisors to review the weakened French treasury.Each advisor reached th e same conclusion, that France needed a large change in the way it taxed the public, and each advisor was, in turn, kicked out. Eventually the king realized that this taxation issue really did need to be solved so he appointed a new controller general of finance. The new general of finance suggested instead of taxing the poor, tax the ones that would be able to pay, the nobility, the ones that were exempt from paying taxes before. The nobility refused. Financial ruin thus seemed imminent.

I believe Cleopatra Essay Example for Free

I believe Cleopatra EssayIt is principally in this modal value that I believe Cleopatra is more(prenominal) relevant to modern audiences than to Jacobean society. The idea of a female attractor would be, after the reign of Elizabeth I, relatively unsurprising how constantly, women were still regarded as the property of men. It is not hard to jaw why a modern career woman, having gone through several relationships of her own, would find more to occupy to in Cleopatra than would a Jacobean housewife. Women in the 21st century hold a much more three dimensional position than those of Shakespeares time. They were considered then unsuitable for the stage, replaced instead by some squeaking Cleopatra boy playing Cleopatra ithposture of a whore.Female sexuality in Jacobean times was considered, as written by Penny Gay, to be voraciously overwhelming, and since Cleopatra embodies that idea to the core, she would have seemed a dangerous character indeed to her number 1 audiences. Then, she was a strange, exotic creature and an unknown quantity, but her character inspires altogether more empathy in more modern performances. In her portrayal by Judi Dench at the National Theatre in 1987, her suicide represented a grand resignation as opposed to a dark, frenzied retreat her attachment to Anthony was patheti betokeny touching. It is this, empathy and understanding, which the modern response adds to Shakespeares most passionate female character.Cleopatra is not done justice to by the flat, conventionalized Egyptian of Glenda Jackson, but flourishes as no more but een a woman. She is the poor maid of Janet Suzman, who on a lower floor her regality is still an emotionally vulnerable character and all the more becoming because of it.But what of Anthony? As a 21st century observer, I view it as chronically unjust that Anthony is continually referred to as the wiz Lord David Cecil described the play as simply the decline and fall of Anthony.Cleopatra is too often se en as the supporting act, when her character is no less rich than Anthonys and her journey no less significant. Antony is generally praised when he abandons her for politics, yet when she does what seems to her the same in the chaos of Actium, we are meant to condemn her. As L.T. Fitz writes, what is praiseworthy in Antony is wretched in Cleopatra he can pursue power, whilst she must simply dote. It cannot be forgotten that Cleopatra too has a throne to sit upon. She does not bring about Antonys fall in my view his political dying began before he ever met her.It is no secret that historically, his relationship with Octavius was strained regardless of Cleopatras role. Given Shakespeares credence on historical sources such as Plutarch, this cannot be disregarded when judging his representation of her character. Furthermore, it is Anthonys choice to notice Cleopatra at Actium, as it was to become her guest when they first meet. Anthony always has the option to leave Cleopatra, for despite her charisma he always holds the greater political power.Thus, if he must be seen to have fallen, it is because he opts to do so. In fact, I see his decision to value Cleopatras make love over Roman politics as an ascent rather than a fall, and it is an ascent they make together. There is no one protagonist in the play, unless the couple are viewed in a singular sense. Antony and Cleopatra combine themselves and the best values of their respective worlds. Antony retains his array valour, his ability to bear pain so like a soldier, but abandons the cold political intrigue of Octavius and the new Rome.Cleopatra, on the other hand, keeps all her passion and her charisma but loses the worst of her childish wilfulness. Their love is beyond mortality, death is proud to take them, and in their mutual suicide they take on a god-like quality, articulated in Antony by Cleopatras eulogy of his legs bestrid the oceanhe was as rattling thunder. I believe that it is unfair to call this hyperbolic, which removes from its sincerity, when there can be no doubt that in her state of love and grief Cleopatra intends no exaggeration in her description of the emperor Antony. Together, Antony and Cleopatra rise above pragmatism and politics, and it is small wonder that they amaze even Octavius, or that he should be moved by a pair so famous.I think it would be a dire injustice to call Cleopatra designing and blame her for Antonys political autumn it reduces her feverish passion, her wild hedonism and the staggering extent of her love to plotting, cunning and cruelty. To me, she represents a woman of enormous courage, in her leadership but also in her refusal to compromise on emotions, however unreasonable or salient they might be.She is foolish, yes, but never a coward her flight from Actium is not desertion but evidence of legions inexperience and genuine fear. Her love for Antony is beyond the ordinary, it is beyond Caesar and Octavia, and how could the play be so p oignant a tragedy were that not so? The very sadness of Antony Cleopatra is in the fact that the two lovers can entirely triumph beyond the grave, in the death of love for the pursuit of politics an unworthy substitution if ever there was one. Cleopatra is no Iago, she has none of his manipulative malice she is nothing more or less than a woman passionately and shamelessly in love.BibliographyEgyptian Queens and Male Reviewers L.T. FitzA Poem and twain Plays Robin HamiltonThe Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare on Stage Stanley Wells and Sarah Stanton(specifically Women and Shakespearean Performance Penny Gay)

James Spencer Essay Example for Free

James Spencer EssayIntroduction The conditions for the poor were terrible at the time when Charles dickens wrote the novel a Christmas carol to express his concern about the conditions for these people. At graduation exercise Charles was going to show his concern by writing a serious pamphlet explaining the conditions people were backing in but after much thought he decided a take hold would be better because he was a famous author. Charles believed this would help by alerting people of the lives the people were documentation so they would donate to generosity at Christmas a time of giving. Paragraph 1 In rundle one of the book we are introduced to tyke and Jacob Marley. In the first stave tike is described as and evil man and also you can tell this from the things he says Every idiot who goes around with terrific Christmas on his lips should be boiled with his profess pudding and buried with a stake of holy through and through his heart. He replied to his nephew aft er he invited him to Christmas dinner this shows he dose not like Christmas and also he is very rude and is not afraid of sharing his point of view with others.Scrooge is rude to in all the people who try to be nice to him in this first chapter from the men who asked for a donation for charity to his employee who asked for Christmas day make to whom he only just excepted say he needs to be in the earlier the next day. When skinflint goes home he sees the ghost of his ex-partner Jacob Marley who tells him he will have to deposit his ways or he may end up with a similar fate. Paragraph 2 In stave two Scrooge is visited by the first of the three ghosts of Christmas the ghost of Christmas past.This chapter gives us a lot of important information on scrooge such as his time at domesticate his work for Mr. Feziwig and his relationship that ended when he became obsessed with money I have seen you nobler aspirations fall off one by one until the master-passion, gain, engrosses you. Scr ooges fianci e told him when she didnt destiny to see him eachmore because he had changed at the plead of this chapter he is show as a hard working boy in school that didnt unfeignedly have any friends but had a grate love for his sister.The chapter also tells us about the time he worked for Mr. Feziwig and how he used to have a good time and how he was bad employer because he didnt treat his staff to a good time. Paragraph 3 In stave three Scrooge meets the second of the ghosts the ghost of Christmas present who shows him what over peoples Christmas are like this shows the appalling conditions the Cratchits lived in and how his nephew disrespects him and what he says about him his offences carry their own punishment, and I have nothing to say against his.Fred said after he called a toast to his uncle later on at the meal they all insult scrooge. In this chapter we learn of the long poverty of the Cratchits were they have to share glasses and of tiny Tims illness and how he wil l die if scrooge doesnt help him. Paragraph 4 In stave for scrooge meets the last of the ghosts the ghost of Christmas future. In this chapter of the book scrooge finds out he has died and he realizes that no one liked him and that his money was not any use to him when he was dead he frightened allone away from him when he was alive to profit us when he was deadHa, ha ha The pawn broker says as we realizes all of scrooges possessions have been sell when they can no longer be any use to him as he is dead. In this chapter he realizes that being a bad person isnt any good to him and thats its better to be remembered as a good person than a bad one because thats all you have when you die. Scrooge has now changed and wants to be a better person and we see what he dose in the last chapter Paragraph 5.In the last chapter in the book scrooge seems to be happier person he dose this by severe to be nice to other people and by doing good deeds he also apologizes to curtsey and says a merri er Christmas, bob, my good fellow, than I have given for many a year Ill throw out your salary endeavor to assist your struggling family. Scrooge said to bob on Christmas day he also gives the Cratchits a turkey anonymously and goes to dinner with his nephew and family this shows that scrooge has changed a lot and also want to be a better person.Conclusion I believe that by the end of the story scrooge is a better person and the only reason he became a bad person was because of his own ignorance to what was going on around him. Charles Dickens is try to tell his rich audience of readers that money isnt every thing and you can have a good time without it but if you do have it you should be generous and try to help over people have a good time and by doing that you will have a good time your self.

Social Responsibility and Sustainable Business Practices Essay Example for Free

Social Responsibility and Sustainable Business Practices EssayBusinesses, specific eithery bigger corporations, play a major role in what occurs in society therefore, they atomic number 18 responsible to their s moderateh honest-to-goders not only to pursue economic goals but the greater amicable good as well. Corporate mixer responsibility (CSR) means that a corporation should act in a way that produces society and its inhabitants and be held accountable for some(prenominal) of its actions that affect people, their communities, and their environment. (Lawrence, 2010). Social responsibility is becoming the norm so much so that somewhat condescensiones have incorporated it into their business model. thither be three comp onenessnts of the backside line of social responsibility in business planet, people, and profitability (3P). This is also the formulation of the triple bottom line, or TBL.In this report we look at the Net c every on Data Center (NDC) in Tucson, AZ whic h provided technical choke to the Army installation. The business consists of 120 people supporting over 6,000. Each employee has a minimum of one computer, some have multiple for different classification levels, and two monitors. There argon a hardly a(prenominal) classrooms with multiple computers in them as well. The follow provides net tend, server, athletic supporterdesk, node sufficement, nurture assurance, and various some other information applied science go to the mingy. We take a look at the TBL of social responsibility in the view of environmental, honourable leadership, organizational viability, and legal and regulatory considerations and make pep upations for implementation.EnvironmentalBusinesses are going beyond regulatory entry and becoming green. This gives companies a free-enterprise(a) advantage as well as legitimacy and product differentiation, incorrupt commitment to the economy, and cost savings. Environmental analysis is a method managers sack pulmonary tuberculosis to gather remote information on current stretch forths and trends and turn that information intoactions that minimize threats and take advantages of sunrise(prenominal) opportunities. Many corporations character the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) to farm out guidelines and use them in their witness business. Some considerations to take into account are the seculars retain and the percentage of those materials that are recycled, direct and indirect energy consumption, water withdrawal, biodiversity, emissions, effluents, and waste, acquire products and services, compliance, environmental impacts of transportation of products, and the overall protection expenditures. For the NDC, we consider electronics recycling, energy conservation, and waste vigilance.Considerations.Electronics recycle. When the order does its annual lifecycle of computers, laptops, monitors, servers, and the like, I urge research and retread of the possibility of upgrades i n lieu of new machines. Then when replacing parts, the old unserviceable ones volition be send to a recycling facility. The conjunction nookie go to http//www.epa.gov/epawaste/ continue/materials/ecycling/donate.htm to find a place to recycle electronics. Best Buy offers in-store, event, and online recycling program options. I recommend the conjunction review and implement a computer/ electronics recycling program. By upgrading versus new purchase, the company allow benefit from cost savings and may be able to upgrade to better machines than they would if buying well(p) new systems. This cost savings can be reinvested elsewhere in the business.Energy Conservation. The company shortly has a high energy consumption in their electronics. Little is make to wield. Before bud stupefy crisis indoors the company, the rule was everyone had to leave their computers on all shadow and updates were run at night to advance information assurance compliance. Since the budget downfall a some divisions ago, all updates must(prenominal) be done during the mean solar day. Employees still leave their machines on at night, restarting before they leave for the night, because the rule has never changed. Efficiency efforts could be in place here to provided energy.Waste Management. Since we already discussed electronics recycling, thisconsideration is for the waste direction of municipal solid waste (MSW) or everyday items. MSW is the everyday things we use and throw out in the office. This can include items such as packaging, grass clippings, old furniture, bottles, food scraps, and batteries. According to the EPAs annual report on MSW, Americans throw away about 4.3 pounds of waste per person, every day. Preventing waste should be considered as well as recycling and composting.Recommendations.Electronics Recycling. Electronic recycling is one consideration the company can do better with. Recycling in general lowers greenhouse gas emissions that are caused by manuf acturing items for the first time. Recycling electronics conserves essential resources making cleaner air and water. The valuable resources computers and electronic components carry are metals, plastics, and glass. According to the Environmental security department Agency (EPA), recycling a million laptops would give back enough energy for 3500 American homes electricity. A million cell phones would could yield 35,000 pounds of copper, 772 pounds of silver, 75 pounds of gold, and 33 pounds of palladium. Instead of throwing out the old computers and blackberrys, the company could only if upgrade the hardware or software and then recycle the parts necessary.Energy Conservation. To conserve energy, it is my recommendation that the company have employees shut down computers at night in lieu of restarting. Although some equipment such as the servers and UPS volition still need to run, 150+ computers shut down at night will save energy resulting in cost savings for the company. Not on ly will this save money in utility billing, but also extend the life of the machines. When purchasing new enchantments, parts, and machines, I also recommend looking for energy star equipment that uses slight energy when it is running.Waste Management.I recommend the company implement better plans on waste prevention such as utilizing the electronics we have to manage records instead of belief hard copies. Some of the aged(a) generation employeeslike to have a accompaniment paper copy of items and are not held accountable to the paper reduction policies in place. Preventing excess printing results in cost savings for the company in paper and ink. A recycling and composting plan should be set in place by the company. The waste company provides costless recycle and compost containers. NDC simply of necessity to implement and plan and educate employees on when and how to recycle and composting when appropriate. Employees should be encouraged to use reusable paper, glass, and met als for meals, dishes, and utensils instead of Styrofoam plates for example. Recycling and composting is free and will scale down the amount of actual waste is used by the company. This essential results in cost savings to the company as well. In addition to the benefits to the company, the efforts of less disposables diminishes the carbon dioxide equivalent into the air helping p have got the earth. good Leadership altogether leaders in business have a responsibility to earn a profit but ethical leaders take it one step further by going above and beyond the regulatory guidance. no-count ethical leadership can cause competitive pressure such as with Enron who fired the bottom 20% of performers every year. This caused employees to focus heavily on numbers and became unethical. Poor ethics in the piece of make can cause issues because of in-person gain and selfish interest or if there are conflicts of interest. Ethical leaders behave ethically, take to be and embody by ethical be havior, set the pave through expectations and examples, corroborate an environment of continuous correctment, provides opportunities for people to grow personally and professionally, and they care and act with compassion.Ethical workplaces encourage keen-sighted time employees who continue to work there until retirement. Ethical leaders choose to lead. They are the people postulate to follow, they are not mediocre obeyed by force. These leaders provide vision and inspiration that makes employees feel measurable and appreciated. Ethical leaders facilitate a positive culture in business motivating and pliant employees attitudes. Ethical leadership covers the people part of the 3P in the TBL. Some considerations we look at in this course of study are labor practices and decent work, human by rightss, society, and product responsibility.Consideration.Occupational Health and Safety. This metric falls below labor practices and decent work and covers rates of spot, occupational diseases, lost days, and work related fatalities. For NDC, the rates of injury are the most troublesome. Employees are a great deal sick, office by office as they pass somewhat a virus or bacteria. Ill employees are not asked to utilize their sick leave and tolerate home. another(prenominal) thing to consider in this category is employees going home from injuries from lack of ergonomics. There is a climate from management that if a worker asks for an ergonomic accommodation it is because that employee is weak or making excuses. Employees live with wrist or back pain or the like until they are hospitalized or require surgery.Discrimination. Another consideration for the company is in human rights, or in particular discrimination. There are multifaceted ways discrimination can surface. Although the company does well in most cases, there are few areas where discrimination is not as blaringly evident but still needs to be intercommunicate. For NDC, there is a discrimination of sing le parents. single(a) fathers are looked upon with sympathy and empathy. Accommodations are made with scheduling and compliance to regulations. oneness fathers who are late because they had issues getting their kids to school are given the compassionate its ok response. Single mothers are hardly looked at through the same lens. They are viewed as the troublemakers who cant get their act together. In one such incident a single father divorced because of his own infidelity with multiple women, most coworkers.The company immediately accommodated his schedule and put him on the coveted day shift so he could work around daycare. In his department, they are required to change schedules and work a different shift, every quarter. He has been on the same schedule for two years because management feels for his situation. Another young mother called in one day to let the company cognise her mother was sick and could not watch the kids. She would be two hours late because she had to wait fo r her backup daycare to open and take the kids there. When she arrived at work she was given a discipline noteexplaining that daycare issues are not the organizations problem and she was put on probation of losing her caper. When the female employee inquired about the inconsistencies between women and men, they eloquently reminded her she was on probation. These caseful of incidents continuously happen in NDC. The company should consider their actions, objectiveal or not. If daycare issues are personal and not a concern of the company, then they should not be a concern for anyone. Discrimination is unethical behavior that looks poorly on the company and ruins morale.Recommendations.Occupational Health and Safety. It is my recommendation that the company provide egest sanitizer lotion to each employee as well as some in common areas. This will help prevent the spread of germs in the offices. Although union issues limit the supervisors ability to make employees use their sick leav e to stay home when they are sick, they can educate workers on the importance of not spreading their illness. Masks can be offered to shield sick employees from the healthy ones as well. The local hospital offers free ergonomic evaluations and recommendations for employees regardless if they work in the warehouse lifting heavy equipment, or sitting at a desk all day.I recommend management change their way of thinking on ergonomics and have employees to receive the care they need. Implementing preventative actions now will save the company money later. Medical bills will go forward lower if people are not having carpel tunnel syndrome surgery or surgery to repair a spinal disk out of place. The company will benefit from having the employees at work and not paying employees to be gone on medical leave. This holds true for caring for sick employees as well. memory the healthy employees free from contagions, will save the company time and money as well as get more work done.Discrim ination. My recommendation for the company is to review the accommodations and special exceptions it gives to employees. Sensing sessions should be conducted with the employees or anonymous surveys to bring these type of issues to light. Any discrimination acts reported by employees should be immediately addressed and taken seriously. Unethicalbehavior by management causes employees not to trust them. Unhappy employees can compose disgruntled and even unethical themselves. Someone who is being treated inappropriately will not be as productive and retention can become an issue for the company. Ethical leaders foster talk and better working environments, leading to better business.Organizational ViabilityLong term survival and sustain get over time. The longer the company is profitable, the better its viability. To be socially responsible, a company must remain viable. Opportunities, threats, stagnant times, times of growth, and initiating innovative ideas are all opportunities to lower costs and stay ahead of competitors. There are many ways to measure sustainability of a company. The company can use sustainability accounting, conduct stockholder value analysis, lifecycle assessment, balanced s eyecard, activity based costing, lifecycle costing, full cost accounting, expected value analysis, and sensitivity analysis. The company must look at itself from a financial perspective, but also from a customer, internal business act, and learning and growth perspective as well.Considerations.Market Presence. Being present in the market is core to viability. The company makes purchases from contracts with wasted businesses throughout the country to level the economic balance. The company also provides services to any local government agency. NDC has a local internal extranet for customers for moldes and procedures to request assistance as well as self-help. The hiring process for the company is an online one that is long, difficult, and confusing to someone new to the system. Prospective employees must first give rise an account and build a resume using the specific template provided. This lengthy process uses a lot of jargon and requires very specific information. at one time the account is created, the prospect can search for projects which can be time overpowering if unfamiliar with the jargon. If a job is found, the user can click apply which attaches their resume created in the profile, and then asks multiple questions. These questionsare a combination of checkboxes and written responses.This assessment is typically from four to nine pages in length. After applying, a computer scans resumes for matches of key words, words that were not in the job announcement. Then, the resumes that pass are sent to a human resources department that review for actual qualifications. The stay qualified resumes are then sent to the hiring branch. The branch has to score each resume based on a preapproved rubric about two pages in length. Once scored, the top people are called for an interview. Once interviews are conducted, the selection is made and sent back to human resources. Human resource department offers the applier the job and works on the details.The process often takes months.Customer Service and Competitive Advantage. Understanding customers needs and wants and implementing service based on those desires through a strategic plan is key to maintaining a competitive advantage. Companies must be able to adapt quickly to customer demands. A company must be either low cost or a value added type business. In the case of NDC, the value added is one of providing differentiated products and services that contain only attributes associated with the base. The scope is specialized. The company must still maintain social responsibility in this area and can do so by providing excellent customer service. Without the customers, there would be no business. The companys customers take many forms. There are civilians, Soldiers, contrac tors, and suppliers. All services provided by the company are followed up with the opportunity to conduct a survey. Metrics of the work done versus the surveys is also collected and reported to higher headquarters. Service requests that come in are documented in a local system however, phone calls are not recorded.Recommendations.Market Presence. NDC can improve its market presence with upgrading its current internal web put and creating social media venue presence to address the current issues at hand. The company can research competitor sites and come up with more ideas that appeal to the target market. The hiring process needs some work. A thorough analysis of the process should be conductedreviewing the most time consuming portions. For example if the scoring of the resumes at the branch is the issue, maybe a team is created that does only that so the process will go faster. Too often when an applicant is offered the job, it has been so long they have been offered a job elsewhe re and decline the invitation. Losing the best qualified employees hurts the company and the bottom line. Remaining in the market competitively involves having the best employees available to provide the best service available.Customer Service and Competitive Advantage.Although the surveys are sent to higher management, the metrics are not utilized locally. The only time the feedback is mentioned at all, is if there is a majorly negative survey that comes in and is sent back down to the director. It is recommended that the company have local supervisors review the metrics for their own personnel and address the overall performance of its own employees at the lowest level. This will help improve the customer experience and keep them coming back. Positive customer service should be rewarded and negative ones, addressed.Clear indications of the level of service that is expected should be communicated. Valid and verifiable expectations should be deliberate and identified. Customer expe ctations should be priority, customer service strategy should be analytical and communicated to all units on base internal and external. This will give customers an opportunity to recognize when service is not met as promised. The company should also consider recording its phone calls and conducting quality assurance on the calls to catch issues missed by customers skipping the survey. judicial and Regulatory ConsiderationsSocial Responsibility within the confines of legal and regulatory considerations and recommendations are similarly important. To remain social responsible, companies must adhere to laws. In addition to conducting business within the confines of the law, companies should proactively anticipate new regulations and act proactively. Since the NDC is a government entity, it must operate within the boundaries of local and federal laws.Considerations.FAR. The Federal encyclopaedism Regulation (FAR), found at http//www.acquisition.gov/far/current/pdf/FAR.pdf, is the gove rning regulation used by all federal executive agencies in the acquisition of supplies and services. It became effective on April 1, 1984, and is issued within applicable laws under the mutual authorities of the Administrator of General run, the Secretary of Defense, and the Administrator for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, under the unsubtle policy guidelines of the Administrator, Office of Federal Procurement Policy, Office of Management and Budget. The NDC uses the FAR for all acquisitions. Specifically in part 39 of the regulation, Information Technology acquisitions are covered. The FAR governs that appropriated funds are not to be used to acquire information technology that is not deemed necessary to the function and operation of the agency.Too often in the government and in NDC specifically, the latest and greatest are highly sought after items. The promise agency sometimes scrutinizes the justification of products too harshly and in other times, not eno ugh. The regulation states that contracting officers must be cognoscente of the rapidly ever changing information technology world. In NDC, users requesting items for purchase must submit the required documents to include justification into a SharePoint portal which is then processed by the acquisitions team. The team reviews and sends completed packets to the contracting office. The contracting office then makes a determination on the item(s).Exchange of natural and Disposition. Disposition of property in the government is governed by US Code Title 10, chapter 153, Exchange of material and disposal of obsolete, surplus, or unclaimed property. Basically the company is not allowed to see equipment but rather uses it until it does not meet the mission and then the process is to turn in the equipment and recycle most materials. Sometimes older machines, servers, or other information technology pieces of equipment are still in good working order, just not robust enough to accomplish t he Army mission or provide proper security. The US Code Title 38 covers veterans benefits and part VI chapter 83 covers the borrowance of gifts and bequests. NDC does not donateany items to organizations outside of itself. The company is being social responsible in disposition of equipment the right way however, it could improve by making more donations.Business Processes.Federal laws, regulations, and mandatory IT standards for securing private field information technology systems and data in critical infrastructure sectors is managed by the United States administration answerability Office (GAO). Information Technology is considered a critical infrastructure sector coming more pop after enactments of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 and the Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996. GAO has identified a set of essential and complementary management disciplines that provide a sound foundation for information technology (IT) management. These include IT strategic planning, Enterprise archite cture, IT investiture management and Information Security. (GAO, 2014). disunite of the IT disciplines identified in the law is that best practice is to require that processes are documented to account for all operations and be integrated with strategic and operational planning processes. In NDC, the company realizes its social responsibility to create processes. The company has created a web page to host the processes for all things IT. This relates to helpdesk issues, do it yourself ideas, budget and acquisitions information, enterprise license agreements, service level agreements, and a number of other processes. This repository can be accessed by anyone with a government common access card (CAC). The issue with the site is that is it disorganized and mostly unknown to the general public on base.Recommendations.FAR. Information Technology acquisitions are justified by the users and the contracting office makes a determination if the justification is valid. The company must be so cial responsible in spending the governments money because it is the tax payers who fund the government. A contractor who is not an Information Technologist, would not be able to make a fair determination if a piece of equipment is needed for the operation of the business or not. It is recommended that the contracting office have an Information Technologist thing who can help determine if the purchases are valid, or if they arejust the users I saw it so I want it desires. This would assist the government in getting the items that are needed to perform the job better, and would cut costs on the items that are not necessary to the government.Exchange of Material and Disposition. One year NDC life cycled all 357 computers for new and improved ones that were capable of handling more security issues. Since it was such a large quantity, the business offered to donate some of the machines to other small businesses in need. One of the smaller reserve units nearby had really old computers w ith I think Windows 3.1. So NDC donated about 11 computers and the Soldiers were able to work more efficiently during drill weekends. This situation was out of the ordinary. Usually the computers are sent in to a central facility and then cycled out from there. Although this is a social responsible action, I recommend the company look into donating more items in the future. The US Code 38 8301 specifically says thatThe Secretary may accept devises, bequests, and gifts, made in any manner, with respect to which the testator or donor shall have indicated the intention that such property shall be for the benefit of groups of persons formerly in the active military, naval, or air service who by virtue of such service alone, or disability suffered therein or therefrom, are or shall be patients or members of any one or more hospitals or homes operated by the United States Government, or has indicated the intention that such property shall be for the benefit of any such hospital or home, o r shall be paid or delivered to any official, as such, or any agency in administrative rule thereof. The Secretary may also accept, for use in carrying out all laws administered by the Secretary, gifts, devises, and bequests which will enhance the Secretarys ability to provide services or benefits. (US Code 38 Veterans Benefits)This means the company can donate their used and useful equipment to assist the Veterans Association (VA) to enhance the ability to provide services or benefits. There would not be lengthy tax paperwork but only a small hand receipt trail of the transfer. This would benefit both agencies as well as the Veterans and Soldiers effected by the quality of care.Business Processes.It is recommended that NDC take the time and consideration to re-do their web pages. A team should be created to specifically handle the project and all shareholders should be involved. This means the company should discuss with the customers as well as the NDC employees on a strategy to build a better more informative site. Once built, the site should be advertised in the base paper, on the installation homepage. These processes should be better organized and updated on a regular basis so NDC remains social responsible to its customers.Social responsibility is essential to the bottom line. By fetching the recommended steps above, NDC can work towards becoming a more social responsible company with eternal upward mobility.ReferencesLawrence, Anne (2010). Business and Society Stakeholders, Ethics, Public Policy. 13th Edition. McGraw-Hill Learning Solutions, 2010. VitalBook file. Bookshelf.Federal Acquisitions Regulation (2005). General Services Administration, Department of Defense. Retrieved from http//www.acquisition.gov/far/current/pdf/FAR.pdf 21 June 2014.U.S. Code Title 38 Veterans Benefits. 38 U.S. Code Part VI Acquisition and Disposition of Property. Chapter 85disposition of deceased veterans personal property ( 85018528). http//www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/ textGovernment Accountability Office (GAO) (2014). Best Practices and Leading Practices in Information Technology Management. http//www.gao.gov/key_issues/leading_practices_information_technology_management/issue_summary

The End of Western Roman Empire Essay Example for Free

The End of Western popish pudding stone moveThe Roman Empire, perhaps the strongest, most evolved and most consistently fascinating empire has been the subject of historical research and discourse than any other empires that the history of the world has seen. Its birth and its rise was a compound process involving a multitude of factors that came together to create a super-power the world had never seen its decline more complex lifelessness. It is difficult for historians and researchers to pin down the exact chief reason of its decline and highlight the one major(ip) cause that led to the downf every(prenominal) of the giant. From foreign invasions to incompetent emperors, from familiar strife to crippled thriftiness all stomach been cited time and time again as the real culprits. The views are vast and varied and eer historically musical accompanimented by facts from the annals of history. However, the causes of Roman decline still remain debatable. Wickham (184) an d Goffart (1981) nominate grappled with the curve of Roman decline in their own separate ways. While the former has recounted the changing economy of the Empire as a chief cause among many, the latter has listed foreign invasions as a major culprit.Wickham, in his article The Other Transition From the ancient World to Feudalism has delineated the slow only positive(predicate) changes in the economic fabric of the Roman society as it neared its downfall and the impact these changes had on the social, political, national and ideological front. The Roman Empires shift from an empire that thrived on revenue enhancementes, to an empire that became dependent on the feudalistic system of governance for its sustenance, is the prime focus.Wickham has analyzed the underlying economic currents that shaped the Roman governance, and finally the Roman society, and concentrated solely on the economic process of change and its implications. The mode of production of the Roman Empire was per haps one of the most important aspects in its economy and its shift from the hard rifleer traditions to serfdom and tenancy had deep ramifications. The writer has referred to a valid point once raised by Bloch who discussed how the get of slaves in the Roman Empire did undeniably increase during the great wars of the fifth to one-sixth centuries A.D entirely the increase in the number of slaves did not necessarily lead towards increased number of slave plantations. These slaves were principally pluckd to participate in wars instead and the view that growing slavery in fifth and sixth century must naturally point towards a strengthening of the slavery structure is essentially flawed. In the early stages of development, Rome had become an exploitative state by nature where the government wealth came to be collected from tributes and taxes from cities, neighbouring states and the general public.This in stages developed into what Wickham calls a wholesale taxation network couple d with slave plantations. By the end of the 3rd century however, slave plantations had disappeared and the rural production depended more on tenants and the feudal mode of production. However, the Roman Empire, with its mind-boggling vastness, still depended on taxes for its support rather than land rents or serfdom. The dominant allele source of surplus extraction in the late empire was not rent, but tax. Taxation commanded the economy and was the economic foundation for the Roman State.By the fifth century however, things began to take a slow but decisive turn. The landed gentry, and even the general public for that matter, came under increased pressure as obese taxes were imposed to not just take care of wartime expenses resulting from skirmishes with the Barbarians, but also to fill the pockets of the urban governments. The offstage land owners realized that the Roman patronage was too expensive as armies, bound to offer testimonial against the Barbarians, began to lose gr ound and military expenses bloated. Peasants too began to adopt rent-paying to powerful land-owners as opposed to paying taxes nowadays to the State.Wickham writes, Benefits from the state had never justified the weight of taxes in the eyes of peasants, and nor did they any longer for landlords. Hence, both(prenominal) the peasantry and the aristocrats desire refuge in a system that saved them from the back-breaking weight of taxes. When the aristocracy lost interest in the state and developed their own preoccupations, maintaining a feudal system on their lands, the state suffered enormously and when not supported by the peasantry a group equally wary of taxation systems, the Roman Empire mat up the reverberations.Walter Goffart (1981), on the other hand, focuses on an entirely different aspect of Roman decline in his work Rome, Constantinople, and the Barbarians. He admits, and sufficiently cites respected historians to strengthen his case, that the rise of Christianity and the Barbarians had undeniable, deep impact on the last a few(prenominal) centuries of the great Rome and elects to focus on only one aspect out of the two. In Goffarts opinion, the Barbarians put Rome in a complex quandary, yet it was the Romans who shaped the relationship and dictated the basis on which the mutual encounters were formulated.For Goffart, it is crucial to under nucleotide the dynamics of the Roman-Barbarian relationship by viewing it from the Roman aspect of the border. It is important to keep in mind, points Goffart, that the Barbarians were never ill-equipped to handle the Roman Empire and had continuously and with solved determination inflicted heavy damages to the vastly superior Roman army, yet it was the Roman Empire itself that gave them many openings to inflict losses.Gaining advantages from the internal strife and the preoccupation of the emperor moths with politics and inner problems, the Barbarians shrewdly targeted an army that though well-equipped an d colossal, was still insufficient to safeguard the vast borders. In addition, the mounting expenses of the armies made emperors reluctant to unleash brutal force on the war-mongering Barbarians as they realized that the tax-payers might be unable or unwilling to pay for wars on the frontier.In addition, as internal strife and rebellion increased, Barbarians were promptly employed by either the Emperor or the usurper to fight the wars on their behalf as Goffart comments, Political competitors invariably occupied a higher(prenominal) place on the agenda than alien enemies inhumans were the natural allies of emperors and usurpers alike in their fratricidal struggles for power. Interestingly Goffart claims that the powerfulness of the barbarians to assert themselves hinged far less upon their strength and wishes than upon the response that the Roman government could make to them in the hornswoggle and long run. Even though addressing the causes of the fall of the Roman Empire is a car park concern for both historians, it is the approach taken by them that differs. Where on the one hand Wickham believes that the shift in the economic frame-up of the Roman Empire from revenue-based governance to feudal form of governance brought about major changes and somehow contributed to the decline, Goffart, on the other hand insists that the long winding, never ceasing strife with the barbarians chipped away at the roots of the powerful empire.Admittedly, both agree that the causes delineated by them individually are not the sole ones but chief reasons among numberless others. Both writers insist that the decline of the great empire was a slow process and was brought about gradually rather than suddenly. For them, destruction of an empire as vast as the Roman Empire could not hand over possibly been a sudden incident brought about by calamities or foreign aggression. Both become laid stress on the importance of social, cultural, geopolitical and economic changes broug ht about by changing internal or external realities to be the real culprit.For the historians, the system of governance and the mindsets of the ruling elite had a hooking to do with the decline and waning of glory. For instance, discounting the importance of increasingly aggressive neighbours, internal strife, palace conspiracies or agrarian instability as sole causes, the writers hold that the last nail was hammered down by the dogmatic powers and their critically strategic mistakes, as in the words of Goffart, The critical element, however, was neither Gothic strength nor deficient Roman means it was a scale of imperial priorities in which the repose of the many had an absolute predilection over the safety of a few. Where on the one hand, both the historians have relied on famous untarnished historians such as Polybius, Cassius Dio, Herodian, Tacitus etc. , they have on the other hand cited extensively respected modern scholarship on the Roman history. Historians such as Pig anoil, Haverfield, Haller and Dannenbauer, Hindess and Hirst, Perry Anderson and Finley etc. all are generously cited to support the theses. It is interesting to note that the reasoning employed by both historians is uniquely independent as they have drawn their own conclusions and at times chosen to take entirely differing views from previously accepted notions.For instance, Goffart claims that the common lore that the barbarians migrated towards the Mediterranean as a means of escaping the unfriendly Baltic regions is a flawed perception based solely on misguided views and shaky historical claims. The writer has also stressed on the need for objective analysis and has expressed open approbation of Sulpicius Severus, a much less note historian, over the more widely respected Polybius, as a more dependent source. Both writers have shed light on issues hitherto neglected and taken a decidedly different take over on issues.Negating the widely held belief that the barbarians were in a way responsible for Roman downfall, Goffart insisted and proved by means of historical evidence that it was in fact the weakness and procrastination of the Emperors, who chose to first give anteriority to warring with usurpers and rebels and employed the same barbarians in their internal strife instead of taking a stronger stand and not settling with cutting off portions of the territory in lieu of shaky peace.It was not the barbarian aggression, as is widely believed, that the Romans could not stand but their own errors that weakened them. Accounting the shift from the tax system to the feudal system, Wickham has exhibit a fresher insight into the long-held and cemented perceptions regarding the economic realities of Rome between the third till the sixth century.Pointing out how the peasants began to avoid state taxes and sought refuge in the feudal system, Wickham has demonstrated the break that happened between the state and the aristocracy, as they now adopted the feudal sy stem as doubtlessly profitable for them.ReferencesGoffart, W 1981, Rome, Constantinople, and the Barbarians Author, The American Historical Review Vol. 86, No. 2, pp. 275-306. Wickham, C 1984, The Other Transition From the Ancient World to Feudalism Author, Past and Present, No. 103, pp. 3-36.

Innovation in Hospitality Essay Example for Free

Innovation in Hospitality tryInnovation is seen as difficult in many countries around the world, knowledgeableness strategies are not inclusive to alone countries but vary in each country. To minimise the situation within these countries many firms in particular small business see plan as a high financial committedness that may also be very risky to the business operations. The reason for this tendency is due to the control hospitality innovation studies needed as a foundation to support managements perception of the theory. The avail competency of studies has the ability to encourage innovation that may not be detrimental to finances depending on the level of innovation selected. However innovation brings many otherwise barriers and challenges that hinder the successful implementation of innovation unqualified employees, knowledge, miss of understanding of the relationship between product and the market, high staff culture turnover, strategy-related factors etc. On the o ther hand hospitality firms utilise the following three approaches to innovation to successfully undertake innovation innovation process strategy, continuous improvement theory and strategy as practice perspective. These innovation approaches are used a survival tool to combat against competition and it brings about benefits to the business improved quality and fool image, knowledge sharing, customer satisfaction, increase in profits.Is innovation difficult within the hospitality industry.? First of all it may be useful to know what is the definition of innovation. Most definitions of innovation vary across the industry. Bessant and Francis (1999) specify innovation as an organisations wide process of sustained and focused incremental innovation where as make (2002) defined innovation as the innovation process strategy for driving new food concepts from the sign stage right through to the final stage.