The Theme of Power in Yellow Wallpaper and Bartleby -- The Yellow Wallp

The Theme of Power in Yellow Wallpaper and Bartleby   Ã‚  Ã‚   Many texts written in the nineteenth century have a very apparent theme of power. Authority can be seen very differently depending on the view of the transcript the audience is presented with. By looking at different transcripts within the text the reader has more realistic exposure to the resistance of power in that text. This paper will prove that transcripts of differing views allow for different interpretations of the power struggle itself. Using James C. Scott this paper will examine the transcripts of both Charlotte Perkins Gilman's, "The Yellow Wallpaper" and Herman Melville's "Bartleby." These two texts are opposite in many ways, which make them fascinating to study through Scotts eyes, because together they extensively cover the four situations he focuses on. The first transcript which Scott discusses is that of the public's view. He describes that "the public transcript is to put it crudely, the self-portrait of dominant elites as they would have themselves seen"(18). Since the narrator of "Bartleby" is a member of the "dominant elite" this text is a great example of how the public transcript is used to show resistance and power. Text written from this point of view, focus on trying to make the elite seem good, just, and noble. The narrator of this text did a wonderful job at doing just that. At one point while talking about Bartleby he told the audience "Not only did there seem to lurk in it a certain calm disdain, but his perverseness seemed ungrateful, considering the undeniable good usage and indulgence he had received from me"(Melville 18). The narrator was basically saying, I was so good to Bartleby, how dare he not appreciate all my kindness. It is... ...isplay, how within texts there could be many different forms of resistance and views of authority, depending on the transcripts used to understand them. Each text read in this class, on the surface value, provides an entertaining story, however the same text through deeper reading are able to decode much more complex plots. On the surface Bartleby is just a very strange employee, and the narrator of Gilman's story is just an insane woman, but by digging further this paper was able to display much more intensity to them both. Works Cited Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. "The Yellow Wallpaper" and other Stories. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, Inc., 1997. Melville, Herman. Bartleby and Benito Cereno. 3rd ed. NY: Dover Publications, Inc., 1990. Scott, James C. Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990.

Dialogue Between Plato and Nietzsche Essay

Plato and Nietzsche are sitting in a park enjoying a light picnic lunch. All of a sudden a man dressed in black, wearing a balaclava run’s past and steals Nietzsche’s Turkey sandwich. Nietzsche:This is preposterous! That immoral man has just stolen my last turkey sandwich! This is a horrible position to be in! Plato:What do you mean Nietzsche? Are you saying that you are in a worse position than the thief that stole your sandwich? Nietzsche:Yes that is exactly what I am saying. He isn’t the one who is going to starve to death now is he? Plato:Oh Nietzsche don’t be silly, you’re looking at this in the wrong way. You see, it is you who is in the better position since it is more shameful to inflict wrong than to suffer wrong. Evil derives from wrongful actions, those which by nature involve shame and/or pain. And theft is a very shameful act is it not? Nietzsche: Yes, being a thief is a very shameful way to live, as he is driven by his desires. He must have no self restraint what so ever. Without self restriction how could anyone lead a good life? For it is only through our will to power, strict obedience and restraint over a period of time can great thinking, art and virtue occur. Plato:I agree. The discipline to act justly, control and order one’s body and mind, not need anything and to live virtuously is the only way for true self-fulfilment. Those who repetitively satisfy their desires do not posses real power over one’s self because this gratification further stimulates, rather than eliminates, ones craving for desire. A person who is always fulfilling desire is in continuous need for further satisfaction, and thus acquires no true power over themselves as they are constantly controlled by their urges. Nietzsche:Not only does one need self discipline and obedience, like you said, but they also need to be freed from outer restrictions such as the â€Å"herd mentality† which constrains them from becoming a true leader. Who is to say that this thief does not have to qualities to rule? He has been trained that compliance and obedience toward his herd is best. This herd mentality forces its followers to repress their natural aspiration to become leaders, it unselfs gifted individuals and natural leaders. Qualities such as benevolence, modesty and pity are taught by the herd to be virtuous, when really it is the imaginative, daring, creative and courageous who are the virtuous ones, whom should rise above the herd because they are the natural leaders. Those who have to will to power (drive to do so) are able to live their lives the fullest and therefore ultimately become the ubermensch. Plato:Here is where we differ Nietzsche, the way I see it is that community or herd is not such a bad thing, leaders on the other hand are. Weaker people should not be subject to stronger people. Just like large countries should not attack the small ones, on the grounds of that they are stronger and therefore superior. Governments and communities help to restrain those who cannot restrain themselves and therefore guiding them into leading a more virtuous life. Leaders, such a politicians, on the other hand only seek to amuse and gratify rather than improve the soul. When morality is applied in the masses it is right and natural Nietzsche:But Plato, the theory of evolution has proved that God is dead and is no longer need to explain out existence meaning that conventional morality is irrelevant. Therefore we must create our own morality which is not transcendent or absolute. Plato:Wrong again Nietzsche. Just because there is proof that God may not exist, it doesn’t mean that man creates his own morality or anything else for that matter. You see, in this universe there are two different worlds, the material world and the metaphysical world. We experience the material world with our senses. We can see it, feel it, taste it and touch it. Whereas the Metaphysical world (world f the forms) exists beyond the senses. The Metaphysical world contains perfect examples of qualities and concepts that exist in the material world. We can recognise these concepts (beauty, justice, good etc) and qualities (colour, shape) because we have experienced them in the Metaphysical world. Our soul/mind experiences the Metaphysical world before birth, but the trauma of birth makes us forget this world and we must relearn it thorough philosophy. So, because there is a perfect examples of everything in the Metaphysical world that there is here in the Material world, there must be a perfect form of morality. This means that there is an absolute morality for mankind to live by.

Alexander The Great As A Moral Example - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1222 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/04/16 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Alexander The Great Essay Did you like this example? Alexander III, who would later become known as Alexander the Great, was born in 356 BCE in Macedonia into the royal family of Philip II and Olympias. Due to the circumstances of his birth and his lineage, great things were expected from Alexander. Philips court prophet, and Olympias dreams previewed Alexanders destiny for greatness as did his descent from the line of Hercules on his fathers side, and Achilles on his mothers side. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Alexander The Great As A Moral Example" essay for you Create order Philip dreamed his son would have the nature of a lion and Olympias dreamed that her womb was struck by a thunderbolt from Zeus (source). These factors would contribute to how Alexander saw himself and how the world saw him. As a child, Alexander was exposed to Greek literature containing stories about great heroes and how mortals and gods interacted. These were not simply stories to Alexander however, they were accounts of his ancestors for him to learn from. Additionally, Olympias, his mother, believed that a god had impregnated her and that Alexander was the son of a divine father and she told him this, which would have led to Alexander wholeheartedly believing that he was at least partly divine. As Alexander got older he began to train in the many disciplines of warfare and studied under Aristotle. When he reached his teenage years he had already proved himself a worthy leader on the battlefield and in the royal court. Alexander and his father had a complicated and ugly falling out which resulted in Alexander and his mother fleeing. Soon after Philip was assassinated and Alexander rose to power. The situation is clouded in suspicion and mystery, but Alexander emerged from it as the unquestioned heir. He took time to re-establish Macedonian dominance and prove himself a worthy king, but lost no time in turning to his big goal: the conquest of Persia. Alexanders aspiration to conquer Persia can be traced back to his childhood and lineage. He believed his ancestors included Hercules and Achilles, two mythical legends. He grew up reading stories of their conquests and victories, and believed himself to be not only like them but capable of similar feats. Additionally, as a teen Alexander heard that his father had aspirations to take his armies to Persia, but never had the opportunity to execute those plans. All of these elements combined, plus Alexanders ambitious nature led him to pursue the invasion of Persia so hard at his young age. Alexander blew off the recommendations of his advisors in regards to getting married and having an heir before going on a long term conquest in a far away land. (source). He went about preparing his nation, his army, and himself for the endeavours ahead of him. Alexander learned the value of soft power from his father and essentially paid off elites to maintain good relations, he made sure to do what he could to gain the favor of the gods, and he left garrisons behind to defend the homeland. Alexander set off with a force much smaller than his enemies, and arrived in Asia low on funds. If he did not win early and win big, his expedition was doomed (source 1). Upon arrival Alexander began making sacrifices to the gods at the ancient city of Troy as the and to placate the gods was every bit as important as the need to feed his soldiers or fortify an encampment (source 1). This shows how seriously Alexander took his expedition and that he was god fearing. He led his army to an early victory at the Granicus River against the advisement of his counsel. With this victory he punished those who stood against him but rewarded those who recognized him as their king. As he moved forward, he made the decision to send his naval forces home, a decision that scholars still debate the purpose of. Thus far the expedition had been successful, but leaving behind valuable resources and keeping the moral of the men high was going to be a challenging task. In addition to Alexanders efforts to keep the men happy, their view of him kept motivation levels high. The men began to see Alexander as more than just a mere mortal. His accomplishment at the strategically valuable city of Gordian by solving the previously unsolvable Gordian knot only furthered this view of Alexander as more than just a man. At this point King Darius of Persia realized that Alexander and his army posed a very real threat to his empire and began preparing his army, but he was late. Alexander made it through the critical pass at the Cilician Gates, saved Tarsus, and recovered from an illness that many of his doctors feared would take him. The expedition continued as Alexanders forces soon met Darius main army at Issus. Alexander motivated his men who were vastly outnumbered and used superior tactics and strategy to lead them to an important victory. Not only did Alexander demonstrate superiority on the battlefield, but the respect with which he treated the women and royal Persian family greatly enhanced his honor among Macedonians, Greeks, and Persians alike (source 1). Alexanders next move was highly strategic and shows he paid attention in his history lessons. Instead of opting to move further east, he chose to move south, in order to protect Greece before moving onwards. This strategic move was met with approval by the troops as they had heard of the riches that were help in Phoenicia and Egypt. During this conquest, Darius sent a letter to Alexander with an offer. The contents of the offer are not certain, but Alexanders dismissal of the offer was quite certain. Darius sent a second letter with what Parmenion called a lavish offer, but to Alexander it was an insult to suggest that it could end in a draw (source 1). After Gaza, Egypt easily accepted Alexander and his army and now he could turn his focus back to defeating Darius once and for all. Alexander and Darius met once more near Gaugamela, and Alexander treating the battle like a game of chess forced Darius to flee a second time. He continued on to Babylon, Susa, and Persepolis which he des troyed violently due to their inhumane treatment of Greek prisoners. Now, the only task left for Alexander to accomplish was to catch Darius, but Bessus betrayed his King by killing him, and thus giving Alexander a new target to pursue. After Bessus had been caught and reprimanded, Alexander proceeded to tie up loose ends around his new Persian empire before planning his next move into India. Alexander continued his life of conquest, but his life was cut short as he fell ill and died June 13, 323 at the age of 33 (Britannica). Although his reign ended, his legacy did not. Alexander brought Hellenic influences with him everywhere he went. Hellenic influence, or the influence of Greek culture, could be seen everywhere in the cultures of Alexanders empire (ushistory). The architecture, literature, philosophy, writing, theatre, language, and coinage were all elements of Hellenization that could be seen throughout the cultures of areas that Alexander conquered (ancient eu). Additionally, other historical leaders such as Napoleon, John Adams, Jefferson, Hitler, Roosevelt, and George H. W. Bush have employed Alexander as a moral example, sometimes as one to reject, sometimes as one to imitate, always as one that must be studied for life lessons (source 1).

Advertising Medi An Important Aspect - 966 Words

When it comes to advertising, the advertising media is an important aspect. Advertising media â€Å"are the various means by which the message is communicated to the target market† (Perrault, Cannon, McCarthy, 2013). There are several aspects that an advertiser must consider when choosing the best advertising medium to use, which can change depending on the situation. One way that advertisers can ensure effectiveness in terms of their advertising media is to make sure that they give careful consideration of their promotion objectives, the target markets that they want to reach, the available funds for advertising, and finally the nature of the media (Perrault, Cannon, McCarthy, 2013). The nature of the media includes â€Å"whom they want to reach, with what frequency, with what impact, and at what cost† (Perrault, Cannon, McCarthy, 2013). For each of the types of media, however, there are advantages as well as disadvantages. Fitting the advertising medium with the promotion objectives is crucial, and all advertisers should make sure that the two are aligned properly. If the advertiser is aiming to inform their audience and has the need to relay a story with pictures, then they may want to use the internet because it can allow them to go into detail. On the other hand, if an advertiser would like to persuade, they may want to use television in order to reach a wider market and show their product being used and how it can benefit their audience. Finally if the objective of theShow MoreRelatedImpact of Radio Advertisements on Buying Behavoiur of Customer1875 Words   |  8 PagesMEDI-CAPS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT (Affiliated to D.A.V.V, Indore) SYNOPSIS OF MAJOR RESEARCH PROJECT â€Å"THE IMPACT OF RADIO ADVERTISEMENTS ON BUYING BEHAVIOUR OF URBAN CUSTOMERS† GUIDED BY : SUBMITTED BY: Dr. DEEPAK TALWAR VISHAL CHAWLA [PhD, Assistant Professor] MITM MBA III-SEM, MITM Read MoreWhat are Subcultures?1788 Words   |  8 Pageslarger culture that have similar and unique values but also possess some differences to the common culture. There are many different subcultures such as social class, age cohorts, gender, and religious subculture. Nowadays, subcultures are becoming important to brands because it leads to a better orientation to market a product or service. This assignment will focus on the age cohorts’ subculture, namely Generation Y. 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The more powerful, ambitious men occupy themselves with important business dea ls, exciting adventures, and rescuing dependent females, whom they often then assault sexually. From Gendered Lives: Communication, Gender, and Culture by Julie T. Wood, Chapter 9, pp. 231-244. 0 1994. Reprinted with permission ofRead MoreMark and Spencer Essay17749 Words   |  71 PagesMS’ continued to underpin all our campaigns, reminding customers of the unique products that make MS special. Last year we also launched our first ever sub-brand advertising to support the transformation of sub-brands including Autograph and Limited Collection, from ‘labels’ into distinctive, stand-alone brands. Our 2012 summer advertising is perfectly capturing the nation’s celebratory mood. 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Essay On The Atomic Bomb - 837 Words

Purposeful bombing of civilians during war has been a common occurrence, but the ethicality of such a practice has been called into question. Generally, there tends to be a great aversion to intentionally causing harm without reasonable basis, yet this type of strategy is still in use. Is the bombing of innocent people justified if it ultimately brings an end to the war? The dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II clearly exemplifies the ethical question of whether bombing civilians was right or wrong. The decision to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was not clear cut. Harry S. Truman and his associated generals (Stimson and Groves) had to come to a conclusion on how to swiftly end the war†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, the theory states that the civilians should never be the target of an attack, and the only way to justify the death of a civilian was if it was unavoidable when bombing of a military base had taken place (Th eory of Just War). The atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki clearly were in violation of these codes because the target was not a military base, and the main reason that the bombs were dropped was to force Japan to surrender by means of carnage. In truth, evidence supported the idea that there were alternatives to the atomic bombing (Hasegawa, 2005). In fact, the United States could have launched an in-land invasion, but because of the high casualty rates of US soldiers in the Battle of Okinawa (thirty-five percent) Truman decided against this strategy (Seaholm lecture, DATE). In favor of the bombing, Truman argued that Japan had been given a fair warning of the attack to come when the ultimatum of the Potsdam Conference was issued (Truman, 1945). Meaning, this attack was not without basis because the countries who had convened at Potsdam had warned Japan that the United States would attack unless they surrendered. The main argument that has been used against the atomic bombing is the massive number of casualties itShow MoreRelated The Atomic Bomb Essay1549 Words   |  7 Pages it will be discussed why the Atomic Bomb is the biggest method of destruction known to man. The paper will be discussing the results of the Atomic Bombs, along with the effects years after the initial explosion. People always wonder how many people actually died in the two Atomic Bombs which were dropped in Japan. This question will be answered, along with the method that citizens were actually killed by the bomb. Besides the initial blast winds that an Atomic Bomb gives off, people may be killedRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Essays1209 Words   |  5 Pages August 6th, 1945, 70,0000 lives were ended in a matter of seconds. The United States had dropped an atomic bomb on the city of Hiroshima. Today many argue whether or not the U.S. should have taken such a drastic measure. Was it entirely necessary that we drop such a devastating weapon? To answer that first we must look at was going on in the world at the time of the conflict. The U.S. had been fighting a massive war since 1941. Moral was most likely low, and resources were at the same level as moralRead MoreAtomic Bomb Essay923 Words   |  4 PagesThe Atomic Bomb was the deadliest weapons in the history of war. Throughout World War II one of the most stubborn countries to surrender was Japan who relentlessly fought against the United States of America. After failing to defeat America, Japan was overwhelmed by allied forces. 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Geography, Population free essay sample

Outline the changing nature, rate and distribution of the world’s population. The world population is expected to grow from 6. 1 billion in 2000 to 8. 9 billion in 2050, increasing therefore by 47 per cent. The changing distribution, rate and nature of the world’s population consider a number of factors which include urbanisation, population of the developing and developed countries. Also how fast or slow the population increases over a specific period of time, and where the distribution is and why. Population of developing countries and regions like Africa have the greatest proportional increase, 41 per cent of their population is under 15 years old. The life expectancy of those living in the developing countries is very low as to the little knowledge of medical science and public health, nutritional information and a reduced chance to access education. The countries of the Developed population has slowed dramatically, the population currently is 1. 2 billion. Most of the growth occurs from the US primarily due to immigration. We will write a custom essay sample on Geography, Population or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Asia is the most populous country, their population is greater than the entire developed world at a whopping 1. billion. Spatially, most of the rapid population growth rate has occurred in the developing countries of the world, as seen in the diagram below. The urban population from 2008 more than half of the human population were living urban areas, they are now 3. 3 billion urban residents. The average world population density is expected to rise from 44 people per sq km to 66 people per sq km. Here are some of the reasons for population density; climate, location, history, job opportunities, fertility of soil and the Countries economic status. The rate of natural increase is due to the number of births to deaths. The main causes due to population change are the birth rate, death rate and migration. The changing distribution of the world’s population by region. 1800-2050 diagram. The distribution of the world’s population has a distinct pattern of where people are and will be. In 1800, Europe had 21 per cent of the world’s population and Asia had 65 per cent. By 1900, Europes share of world population had risen to 25 per cent, caused by the population increase that accompanied the Industrial Revolution. Some of this growth fell over to the Americas population, increasing their portion of the world total. Though, Europe is anticipated to lose its share of the world’s population by the year 2050 down to 7per cent. Current projections are created on the theory that the fertility rate will drop in countries where they are high today and that life expectancy will rise where rates are low. Every year the world’s population grows by more than 77 million, this is caused by the changing nature, rate and the distribution of the world’s population.

The Bloody Chamber by Angela Carter. Essay Example

The Bloody Chamber by Angela Carter. Essay Explore the narrative techniques used by Angela Carter to subvert, reverse and challenge the readers expectations and assumptions, in The Bloody Chamber, The Company Of Wolves and The Courtship Of Mr.Lyon.The Bloody Chamber, The Company Of Wolves and The Courtship Of Mr.Lyon are stories based on fairy tales that would usually have been read to young children. In each story Angela Carter has managed to twist the once innocent fairy tales into short stories with endings and other twists and dramatic turns that are certainly not expected. She challenges the literary structure of the original fairy tale in such a way that it makes the reader think, it leaves you on a cliffhanger. The stories leave you wondering what might happen. Angela Carter subverts, reverses and challenges the readers expectations and assumptions in each of the three stories.The storyline in each of Angela Carters stories is very much like the original fairytale it is taken from. The endings of each story have been c hanged; also there are elements of surprise throughout the stories that are varied from the path we as a reader would normally expect the story to take. Because of the fact that the three stories are based on other stories we expect Angela Carters version to take a more similar path to the story line. There are elements of the original fairy tale that they have been based upon.The Bloody Chamber is told from the point of view of a nameless heroine from the point in her life where she has just got married to a wealthy widower and is heading for a new life at his castle. The Bloody Chamber is based on a story called Bluebeard in which the man is also a wealthy widower, and in that story his new wife also finds the corpses of his dead wives. Another piece of evidence of this intertextuality includes the fact that The Courtship of Mr Lyon is based on the very popular fairytale called Little Red Riding Hood. In Angela Carters version just like in the original fairytale the popular line o f the wolf all the better to eat you with is used. The werewolf mythology used in both the stories can also be clearly seen. In The Courtship of Mr Lyon there is a reference made to the story of Alice in Wonderland, the cutlery used to store the food in Mr Lyons house have the words Eat Me and Drink Me written on them, this is another example of an intertextual reference. The author makes us believe that her version of the story will be the same as the fairytales but they are not, this makes them exciting to read and very enjoyable.The author uses many narrative techniques to challenge and reverse our expectations as a reader. She also uses characterisations to challenge and subvert our expectations. The three stories, The Bloody Chamber, The Courtship of Mr Lyon and The Company of Wolves each have a female character as their main character, also in each of the three stories the female character is not wealthy but from a poor background. Usually in tales and stories the female chara cter is the victim, this is also the same in Angela Carters stories but they dont remain the victim throughout the story. Also the females in the stories are considered more vulnerable. Also in each of the stories we see a change in the females character. In the opening pages of The Bloody Chamber the mother asks her daughter Are you sure you love him? and the daughter replies Im sure I want to marry him. This is the first sign of corruption we see in her, she does not give a straight answer to her mothers question but instead gives an indirect one which suggests that she could be marrying the Marquis for his wealth. At the beginning of the story the reader would have considered her to be innocent, as the story progresses we see she has turned evil. She says for the first time in my innocent and confined life I sensed in myself a potentiality for corruption that took my breath away. The character changes and we see she is not the same character that we were introduced to at the begi nning of the story that was living with her mother with very little money.The Courtship of Mr Lyon also has the same effect upon the once poor, humble and innocent little girl. At first we see the girl and her father as being very poor, the girls only want was a single white rose. Throughout the story we see that she becomes vain and spoilt. From this innocence it goes on to say later on they had planned a delicious expedition to buy her furs and she was eager for the treat as any girl might be, it also quotes She took off her earrings in front of the mirror; beauty. She smiled at her self in satisfaction, these are signs of her transformation into a different character; a more vain and spoilt character. In the Company Of Wolves the main character is also female, and just like the other two stories the female character also changes. In The Company Of Wolves it is more to do with her strange unexpected behaviour that challenges our expectations. In this story the female has a more do minant role. Examples of her unexpected behaviour that subvert and challenges our expectations include her reaction to the wolfs answer to What big teeth you have, the girl burst out laughing, She laughed at him full in the face, she ripped of his shirt for him and flung it in the fire. This very unusual ending to the story based on the Little Red Riding Hood certainly would challenge readers expectations.Another narrative technique that Angela Carter uses is unusual lexis and imagery, and also use of unexpected language. In the story The Bloody Chamber the Marquis is introduced by his smell. He had a fragrance of Spiced leather that always let her know of his presence. She also says I yearned for him and yet he disgusted me. The marquis also says the following early in the story, Baby must not play with grown ups toys, this twists the nature of their marriage. The marquis is most definitely the more dominant person; he is larger in size, much wealthier, has a noticeable status in h is county and also has the upper hand most of the time. She narrates, Slowly yet teasingly, as if he was giving a child a treat, he took out a bunch of keys.In the Company Of Wolves, Angela Carter has weaved the fantasy with the familiar, there is a very detailed descriptions of the wolves, their ability to transform into a human being and also their ability to talk, Its your granddaughter, he mimicked in a high soprano. In The Courtship Of Mr.Lyon there is a connection with the house and its lights with Mr.Lyon. When Beautys father angers Lyon, The house blazed with furious light, this is a point being when Mr.Lyon is angered and also full of life, but when later on in the story he is dying then Only in the topmost attic, one faintest smear of radiance on a pane, the thin aghast of a light on the verge of extinction.Angela carter also uses another narrative technique, the unexpected use of symbolism. There is a very large variety of symbolism used throughout the three stories. In T he Bloody Chamber, there is the mention and lengthy description of a ruby choker. The ruby choker was a wedding gift given by the Marquis to his bride. The description of the choker is vivid, Clasped around my throat like an extraordinarily precious slit throat; she also gives reference to when in the early days anyone who escaped the guillotine had a fad of tying a red ribbon around his or her neck. Also within the three stories the colour white is used to portray innocence, purity and also virginity. The opal ring in Bloody Chamber is a symbol of bad luck. The white lilies with which the marquis flooded their bedroom with are a symbol of funerals.The fact that the Bible is closed in The Company Of Wolves gives the child the warning of danger. The white rose, which was the only desore of beauty in The Courtship Of Mr.Lyon, is also symbolism, a rose is a symbol of beauty but its stems has thorns. All the above-mentioned use of symbolism also challenge and reverse our expectations to an extent they give us clues to what may happen later on in the story but the story takes a different path. For example, in The Bloody Chamber, the mention of the white lilies, the ruby choker and later on the discovery of the marquises previous wives lead us to believe that the new wife has landed herself in danger but in the end it is the shock appearance of her mother which leads to the Marquis being killed and not the woman he was married to.All the mentioned narrative techniques play around with the version of the story and have stored in our head from childhood, and if we do not already know and recognise the story then we follow what we would expect to happen, the path a fairytale would take. In Angela Carters versions of the stories she takes the reader of the path a traditional story would take. The modification and altering in the storylines of each story make it enjoyable to read and they challenge, subvert and reverse our expectations.